进入2024年，OpenAI与谷歌DeepMind之间，竞争下一代大模型已经达到了最关键的时间点。

谷歌大模型Gemini Ultra号称力压GPT-4，曾宣布将于年初发布，为时不远。最近OpenAI的CEO奥特曼，也在不同场合暗示GPT-5的一些信息，呼之欲出。

两家企业中最顶尖的人工智能科学家和研究人员，会决定这场竞争的结局。

用什么吸引和留住这些抢手的人才？最简单的办法，是在新的一年，将其员工中位数年薪涨到百万美元水平，顶尖的研究人员要涨到数百万元。

谷歌DeepMind的核心项目研究人员，最近每人获配价值数百万美元的股票，以弥补与OpenAI的差距。

在OpenAI，拥有博士学位的高级研究人员，去年底中位数年薪已经接近百万美元，包括底薪、股票、奖金、福利等。一些硅谷科技员工薪酬研究机构，发布的主要人工智能大厂及独角兽薪酬数据排行，显示了DeepMind了与OpenAI之间的差距，相当之大。

来源：Rora Research

来源：levels.fyi

根据Levels.fyi的数据，OpenAI的中位数薪酬为每年91万美元。即使在大型科技公司中，这也是非常高的。在去年底OpenAI发生董事会政变事件期间，Salesforce趁机挖人，当时提出了以现金薪酬匹配这一金额，的确是非常大方。

OpenAI的盈利公司，设计了利润参与单元（PPUs），是向员工发放的一种特殊形式的股权。Levels.fyi也揭示了它的安排：

员工会得到可观的基础工资。其L5级别（相当于谷歌等公司的高级工程师）中位数工资约为每年30万美元。

一个L5级别的工程师获得价值200万美元的PPUs，分四年归属员工，也就是每年50万美元。

拥有PPUs，就有权按照百分比获得OpenAI的利润。例如，如果OpenAI总共发行了1000个PPUs，而一位员工总共归属了其中的10个（占1%），那么他们有权获得1%的利润。OpenAI将PPUs估值200万美元意味着他们预期这些发行的单位将产生200万美元的利润。

OpenAI在2023年底时预估实现了16亿美元的收入，按照目前每月的收入增长趋势，年化之后预计2024年收入可达50亿美元。OpenAI2022年收入2800万美元，亏损了5.4亿美元。

其主要竞争对手Anthropic去年曾预计年收入8.5亿美元。这两家公司的员工薪酬水平咬得很死，都达到了硅谷最高标准。

相比之下，谷歌 Deepmind的员工收入水平有些羞涩。

谷歌是生成式人工智能和大模型的黄埔军校。它拥有Google Brain和Deep Mind这两家世界顶级的AI研究团队，还曾经招揽了深度学习之父亲辛顿及其学生、后来担任OpenAI联合创始人兼首席科学家的苏茨克沃。它的团队发明了Transformer这一主导大模型的架构，它至今仍是发布顶级研究论文最多的机构。

但谷歌人才也大批出走创业，更成为各AI大模型公司挖角的重灾区。谷歌开放的研究，培养了大批自己的竞争对手，吃了苦头，目前也变得有些封闭起来。

DeepMind与Google Brain于2022年4月合并，最紧迫的任务，就是推出足以抗衡OpenAI的大模型，2004年的目标就是超过GPT-4，在多模态等方面成为业界标杆。

最近谷歌留住人才的压力不小。OpenAI正在寻求以千亿美元的估值，进行新一轮融资，据说参与PPU计划的一些员工，其股票价值可达到上千万美元。而且这一轮融资允许员工套现股票。

据科技媒体Information透露，谷歌DeepMind的核心项目研究人员，已经获得了价值高达数百万美元的受限股票。接受股票的员工需要服务一定年限之后，才有自由出售或转让。

要知道，谷歌刚刚裁员上千人，其中有数百人是被AI优化掉的广告部门员工，谷歌还在研究哪些任务和岗位可以用AI替代。而那些天价薪酬的核心AI研究人员，正是在开发能替代更多人工的大模型。

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