NRR编作交流：提升学术论文英文表达的清晰度：虚拟主语的识别与有效改写技巧

# 1

润色专家意见：“It is worth noting that recent studies tend to combine different methods (26%) to get EVs with higherurity at a relatively low cost.” A dummy subject generally serves as a grammatical filler. These sentences, which generally begin with “It” or “There,” should be rephrased to achieve tighter, concise writing.

译文：虚拟主语通常用作语法上的填充词。这类句子通常以“It”或“There”开头，应该改写成更紧凑、更简洁的方式。

编辑解读：虚拟主语在英语中常用于构建特定的句子结构，以保持语法的流畅性。主要有两种形式：“It”和“There”。虽然这些词在句子中占据了主语的位置，但它们本身并不传达具体的信息，因此在学术写作中，可能导致句子显得冗长和不够直接。为了提高表达的清晰度和简洁性，建议尽量避免虚拟主语，而是直接使用具体的主语或更明确的表达方式。

1. “It” 作为虚拟主语

“It”常用于引导句子，后接不定式或从句。例如：

原句：It is worth noting that recent studies tend to combine different methods (26%) to get EVs with higherurity at a relatively low cost.

改写后：Recent studies indicate a trend toward combining methods (26%) to achieve higherurity EVs at a relatively low cost.

在这个例子中，“It”并不指代任何具体事物，而是引导了后面的内容。通过识别真正的主语（“Recent studies”），我们可以使句子更为直接和简洁。

2. “There” 作为虚拟主语

“There”用于表示存在或发生某种情况，通常后接名词短语。例如：

原句：There were many people standing in line.

改写后：Many people were standing in line.

在这一例句中，“There”并没有指代一个具体的位置，而是用来引入名词短语“many people standing in line”。通过将句子结构调整为主动语态，表达变得更加直接。

通过识别和改写使用虚拟主语的句子，可以显著提高学术写作的清晰度和有效性。使用具体的主语和主动语态不仅使句子更精炼，也增强了信息的传达效果。因此，建议在写作中尽量减少虚拟主语的使用，优先采用更明确的表达方式。

# 2

润色专家意见：“Notably, intranasal administration is a non-invasive route in which EVs can be transported to the brain through the trigeminal and olfactoryathways originating from the nasal cavity (Erdő et al., 2018).” Words such as surprisingly, interestingly, intriguingly, notably etc, are discouraged in academic writing as they tend to exaggerate results. Therefore, I have deleted this word.

译文： 诸如“surprisingly”、“interestingly”、“intriguingly”、“notably”等词汇在学术写作中不被提倡，因为它们往往会夸大结果。因此，我已删除这些词。

编辑解读：在学术写作中，为了确保稿件的客观性和准确性，建议作者尽量避免使用夸张的修饰词。可以通过以下方法来提升论文的学术质量和说服力：

1.保持客观性：

避免使用可能引起情感反应或主观判断的词汇。

不建议：“Interestingly, the results showed a significant increase in performance.”

建议：“The results indicated a significant increase in performance.”

2.使用准确的描述：

选择具体且精确的词汇来描述研究发现，而不是依赖模糊的修饰语。

不建议：“Notably, the method was effective in reducing errors.”

建议：“The method demonstrated a 20% reduction in errors.”

3. 引用数据和证据：

用数据和实证证据支持论点，而不是使用修饰词来吸引注意力。

不建议：“Surprisingly, many participants preferred the new treatment.”

建议：“A survey revealed that 75% of participants preferred the new treatment.”

# 3

润色专家意见：“Recently, novel EVs such as mitochondrial EVs (mitoEVs) were identified, which originate from distinct sources compared to those of other EVs” A comparative sentence is unclear if the structure is unbalanced. Use a balanced structure when writing such a sentence. One way to do this is by adding the missingreposition, sometimesreceded by aronoun (that/those). 来引导。

译文：如果比较句的结构不平衡，就会导致意思不清楚。在写这样的句子时，应该使用平衡的结构。实现这一点的一种方法是添加缺失的介词，有时可以用代词（如“that”或“those”）。

编辑解读：在比较两个或多个对象时，确保句子结构对称是关键。对称结构增强了句子的流畅性和可读性，使读者更容易抓住比较的焦点。

例句 1：

不平衡: The variation intensity for sample A is higher than sample B.

平衡: The variation intensity for sample A is higher than that for sample B.

例句 2：

不平衡: The results of experiment A are better than experiment B.

平衡: The results of experiment A are better than those of experiment B.