《经济学人》双语：ChatGPT能够降低大学成本？

原文标题：
AI and schools
Teacher’s pet
How ChatGPT could help teachers and lower the cost of college
人工智能与学校
教师的宠儿
ChatGPT如何帮助教师并降低大学费用

The college essay may be dying, but AI has plenty of upsides in education
大学论文可能会消亡，但人工智能在教育领域有很大作用

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MANY HAVE mused on how ChatGPT could change the world, not least schools.

许多人都在思考ChatGPT会怎样改变世界，尤其会怎样改变学校教育。

Plenty fear the worst. The college essay has been pronounced dead.

很多人担心最坏的情况。大学论文已宣布消亡。

ChatGPT is causing an educational “crisis”, claims Inside Higher Ed. Maybe so; but ChatGPT could also be a teacher’s friend.

美国高等教育内幕称，ChatGPT导致教育 "危机"，可能如此；但ChatGPT也可以成为老师的朋友。

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It is easier to see the threat. Users can ask ChatGPT to compare Milton Friedman with Paul Samuelson, and it will create a five-point summary that contrasts their views.
人们更容易看到威胁。用户可以要求ChatGPT对米尔顿.弗里德曼和保罗.萨缪尔森进行比较，会得到5点关于两人思想的对比总结。

Ask it to create a rap about Friedman, and it delivers lines like: “He was an economist with a unique vision / Spittin’ truth about free markets with precision”.
要求它创作一段关于弗里德曼的说唱歌词，它会提供这样的台词："他是一位具有独特见解的经济学家/能够精确地吐露了自由市场的真相"。

This sophistication and creativity worries lots of teachers and schools.
答案的复杂性和创造性让很多教师和学校感到担忧。

New York City public schools, America’s largest school district, banned ChatGPT in January, only to reverse the decision in May.
纽约市公立学校是美国最大的学区，它在1月份禁用了ChatGPT，但在5月份又撤销了这一决定。

Some universities abroad have banned its use.
国外的一些大学已经禁止其使用。

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“Initially…everybody was thinking that the sky was falling,” says Jonathan Torres, an assistant professor of English at Quinnipiac University in Connecticut.
康涅狄格州昆尼皮亚克大学的英语助理教授乔纳森.托雷斯说:"最初......每个人都认为天要塌下来。"

He also trains teachers at Quinnipiac, and argues that AI can push them to become better.
他也是昆尼皮亚克的师训老师，他认为人工智能可以帮助老师们变得优秀。

For example, before ChatGPT came along, an economics teacher might ask pupils to write an essay describing Keynesianism.
例如，在ChatGPT出现之前，经济学老师可能会要求学生写一篇关于凯恩斯主义的文章。

With ChatGPT as an option, the teacher might ask the students to assess and revise the chatbot’s response to the same question—a more difficult task.
如果可以选择ChatGPT，老师可能会要求学生评估和修改聊天机器人对同一问题的回答--这是一项更难的任务。

AIs have other practical uses for teachers. They can help write lesson plans and worksheets at different reading levels and even in different languages.
对教师来说，人工智能还有其他实际用途。它们可以帮助老师们写各种教案和工作表，以适用不同阅读水平的学生，甚至可以用不同的语言。

They can also cut down the time spent on duties, such as writing recommendation letters, that devour time that could be spent teaching.
它们还可以减少老师们花在写推荐信等职责上的时间，这些时间占用了本可以用于教学的时间。

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Some organisations are going even further.
一些组织甚至更进一步。

Khan Academy, an education non-profit, recently launched a pilot of Khanmigo, its virtual guide that uses GPT-4, the latest upgrade of ChatGPT, to support pupils and teachers.
可汗学院是一家非营利教育机构，最近启动了 Khanmigo 的试点项目，它的虚拟指南使用了GPT-4（ChatGPT的最新升级版），支持学生端和教师端。

If pupils gets a wrong answer to a maths problem, the chatbot helps them solve it on their own.
如果学生答错了数学题，他们可以使用聊天机器人来解答这个题目。

In science, the program evaluates open-ended questions. In English class, it asks pupils questions about their essays. And in history, a pupil can debate with the bot to prepare for an in-class discussion.
在科学课上，该程序会评估开放式问题。在英语课上，它会问学生有关他们论文的问题。在历史课上，学生可以与机器人辩论，为课堂讨论做准备。

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The program provides teachers with a report on their pupils’ activities.
该程序向教师提供有关学生活动的报告。

Khanmigo can help teachers create lessons and test pupils’ knowledge afterwards. It can support pupils in different languages.
Khanmigo可以帮助教师创建课程并设置课后测试题。它可以支持不同语言的学生。

It even allows pupils to “talk” to historical figures or literary characters via simulations.
它甚至允许学生通过模拟形式与历史人物或文学人物 "对话"。

“This gives us the opportunity to give every student a one-on-one tutor, every teacher a teaching assistant, and more,” says Sal Khan, the founder of Khan Academy.
可汗学院的创始人萨尔.可汗说："这让我们有机会为每个学生提供一对一辅导，为每个老师提供助教等等。”

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For those in charge of school and college administrations the benefits are, if anything, clearer.
对学校和学院管理者来说，好处更加明显。

David Harris, president of Union College, a liberal-arts college in New York state, decided to play around with ChatGPT.
联合学院是纽约州的一所文理学院，该院长大卫.哈里斯决定尝试使用 ChatGPT。

He asked it to write a letter announcing that the college would no longer require the covid-19 booster jab after the spring term.
他要求ChatGPT写一封信，宣布该学院在春季学期后将不再要求新冠疫苗加强针。

The results were good enough for him to show examples to each of his senior staff—a letter to students about changing the campus mascot for his communications director, an Instagram post for campus photos on spring break, a final warning for an employee with chronic lateness for human resources.
他对结果很满意，他把这些结果发给每个高级员工--例如给通信主任一封写给学生关于改变校园吉祥物的信，关于春假校园照片的Instagram帖子，给人事部一封关于经常迟到员工的最后警告信。

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Dr Harris is excited about what all this could mean for college costs.

哈里斯博士对于这个可能会对大学费用产生的影响感到非常兴奋。

Many universities, including Union College, Stanford University and others, will charge about $80,000 a year next year for tuition, room and board.
诸如联合学院、斯坦福大学等大学明年将收取大约 8万美元的学费、食宿费。

In 2021 the median household income in America was $71,000.
而2021年美国的家庭收入中位数是7.1万美元。

College administration in America has become bloated. AI could eliminate the need for some of these jobs, and maybe enable colleges to pass savings on to students.
美国的大学管理岗位臃肿。人工智能可以精简一些岗位，大学成本降低或许能够帮助学生节省费用。

ChatGPT may have killed the college essay, but with all its potential in and out of the classroom, perhaps that is OK.
ChatGPT可能使大学论文消亡，但凭借其课堂内外的潜在作用，或许使用它也无妨。

（恭喜读完，本篇英语词汇量678左右）
原文出自：2023年6月17日《The Economist》United States版块

精读笔记来源于：自由英语之路

本文翻译整理: Irene

本文编辑校对: Irene
仅供个人英语学习交流使用。

【补充资料】（来自于网络）
米尔顿·弗里德曼（Milton Friedman）生于1912年，逝世于2006年。弗里德曼以其自由市场经济学理论和货币政策观点而闻名。弗里德曼认为，自由市场是最有效的经济体制，可以提供最大的经济繁荣和个人自由。他主张政府干预经济的程度应该尽量小，市场的自由竞争可以产生最佳的经济结果。弗里德曼还曾获得1976年的诺贝尔经济学奖，以表彰其对货币理论和经济政策的贡献。

保罗·萨缪尔森（Paul Samuelson）他生于1915年，逝世于2009年。萨缪尔森是现代宏观经济学和微观经济学的奠基人之一，被誉为“现代经济学之父”。萨缪尔森的最重要的贡献之一是他的著作《经济学原理》（Economics: An Introductory Analysis），该书被广泛使用于全球的经济学教育，影响了几代经济学学生。萨缪尔森于1970年获得诺贝尔经济学奖，以表彰他对现代经济理论的贡献。

凯恩斯主义Keynesianism是以英国经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯（John Maynard Keynes）为基础的一种经济学理论和政策。凯恩斯主义在20世纪30年代的大萧条时期崛起，并在二战后的重建时期取得了广泛的影响。凯恩斯主义主张通过增加政府支出、降低利率和实施货币宽松政策等手段来刺激消费和投资，从而提高总需求，促进经济增长。凯恩斯主义强调政府在经济中的角色。

【重点句子】（3个）
This sophistication and creativity worries lots of teachers and schools.
答案的复杂性和创造性让很多教师和学校感到担忧。

With ChatGPT as an option, the teacher might ask the students to assess and revise the chatbot’s response to the same question—a more difficult task.
如果可以选择ChatGPT，老师可能会要求学生评估和修改聊天机器人对同一问题的回答--这是一项更困难的任务。

For those in charge of school and college administrations the benefits are, if anything, clearer.
对学校和学院管理者来说，好处更加明显。