【366外刊社】经济学人双语2023年5-30期|新闻与人工智能：代笔者
经济学人双语精读TE-2023-05-30期考研英语|新闻与人工智能：代笔者（PDF版+Word版+音频）
5.30每日一篇 | 英语外刊社
Journalism and artificial intelligence：Ghost writers
Robot reporters implyprofound changes to the news industry
【1】A sensationalscoop was tweeted last month by America’s National Public Radio: Elon Musk’s “massive space sex rocket” had exploded on launch. Alas, it turned out to be an automated mistranscription of SpaceX, the billionaire’s rocketry firm. The error may be a taste of what is to come as artificial intelligence (AI) plays a bigger role in newsrooms.
【2】machines have been helping deliver the news for years: the Associated Press (AP) began publishingautomated company earnings reports in 2014. The New York Times uses machine learning to decide how many free articles to show readers before they hit a paywall. Bayerischer Rundfunk, a German public broadcaster, moderates online comments with AI help. AP now also deploys it to create video “shot lists”, describing who and what is in each clip.
【3】As AI improves, it is taking on more creative roles. One is newsgathering. At Reuters, machines look for patterns in large data sets. AP uses AI for “event detection”, scanning social media for ripples of news. At a journalismconference last month in Perugia, Italy, Nick Diakopoulos of Northwestern University showed how ChatGPT, a hit AI chatbot, could be used to assess the newsworthiness of research papers. The judgments of his model and those of human editors had a correlationcoefficient of 0.58—maybe a close enough match to help a busy newsroom with an initial sift.
【4】ChatGPT-like “generative” AIs are getting better at doing the writing and editing, too. Semafor, a news startup, is using AI to proofread stories. Radar AI, a British firm, creates data-driven pieces for local papers (“REVEALED: Map shows number of accessible toilets in south Essex”). Its five human journalists have filed more than 400,000 partly automated stories since 2018. In November Schibsted, a Norwegian media firm, launched an AI tool to turn long articles into short packages for Snapchat, a social network. News executives see potential in automaticallyreshaping stories for different formats or audiences.
【5】Some sense a profound change in what this means for the news industry. AI “is going to change journalism more in the next three years than journalism has changed in the last 30 years”, predicts David Caswell of BBC News. By remixing information from across the internet, generative models are “messing with the fundamental unit of journalism”: the article. Instead of a single first draft of history, Mr Caswell says, the news may become “a sort of ‘soup’ of language that is experienced differently by different people”.
【6】Many hacks have more prosaic concerns, chiefly about their jobs. As in other industries, employers portray AI as an assistant, not a replacement. But that could change. “We are not here to save journalists, we are here to save journalism,” Gina Chua, executive editor of Semafor, told the Perugia conference. The industry needs all the help it can get. On April 20th BuzzFeed shut down its Pulitzer-prizewinning news operation. A week later Vice, a one-time digital-media darling, made cuts; it is reportedly preparing for bankruptcy. As Lisa Gibbs of AP puts it: “In terms of challenges to journalists’ employment, [AI] is not highest on the list.”
①短语：1.原文：The New York Times uses machine learning to decide how many free articles to show readers before they hit a paywall.
词典: hit a paywall 被收费（paywall表示“付费墙；付费门槛”）
例句：Its owners have pushed it into setting up a paywall.
它的所有者们已推动它建立付费门槛。
2.原文：By remixing information from across the internet, generative models are “messing with the fundamental unit of journalism”: the article.
词典: mess with干涉；与…有牵连；卷入
例句：And Russia is warning the U.S. and its allies not to mess with that plan.
俄罗斯警告美国及其盟国不要破坏这一计划。
3.原文：On April 20th BuzzFeed shut down its Pulitzer-prizewinning news operation.
词典: shut down停业；倒闭；关闭；停止运转
例句：It is required by law to shut down banks which it regards as chronically short of capital.
法律规定资金长期短缺的银行必须关闭。
4.原文：A week later Vice, a one-time digital-media darling, made cuts.
词典: make cuts 削减；裁员
例句：The economy is bad, and we have to make cuts.
经济不景气，我们得裁员。
②长难句
1. 原文：The error may bea taste of what is to come as artificial intelligence (AI) plays a bigger role in newsrooms.
分析：本句包含一个宾语从句和一个时间状语从句。主句为“The error may bea taste”；“of what is to come”为后置定语，其中“what is to come”宾语从句；“as artificial... newsrooms”为时间状语从句。
译文：随着人工智能（AI）在新闻编辑部起到更大的作用，这一错误可能预示着未来的发展趋势。
2. 原文：At a journalism conference last month in Perugia, Italy, Nick Diakopoulos of Northwestern Universityshowedhow ChatGPT, a hit AI chatbot, could be used to assess the newsworthiness of research papers.
分析：本句包含一个宾语从句。主句为“Nick Diakopoulos of Northwestern Universityshowed...”；“At a journalism conference last month in Perugia, Italy”为状语；“how ChatGPT could be used to assess the newsworthiness of research papers”为ChatGPT的宾语从句，其中a hit AI chatbot是ChatGPT的同位语。
译文：在上个月于意大利佩鲁贾举行的新闻发布会上，西北大学的尼克•迪亚科普洛斯（Nick Diakopoulos）展示了如何使用热门人工智能聊天机器人ChatGPT来评估研究论文的新闻价值。
③写作技巧：
As in other industries, employers portray AI as an assistant, not a replacement.
与其它行业一样，雇主视人工智能为助手，而非替代品。
生词: portray v.描绘，描写；将…描写成，表现
portray... as...表示“把…刻画为…；把…描写为…”。
portray也经常用于图表写作中，写作中想要表达“正如图画所描绘地那样”，我们可以说“As is portrayed in the drawing, ......”。
写作中表达“如图所示”还可以用到以下动词show/ demonstrate/ depict/ illustrate/ describe/ reveal等。
例句：Psychology research has tended to portray solitude as a negative experience.
心理学研究倾向于把独处描绘成一种消极体验。
④背景知识：
ripples of news：涟漪效应（ripple effect）也叫作连锁反应，是由美国教育心理学家杰考白·库宁（Jacob Kounit）提出。作为心理学概念，“涟漪效应”描绘了个人受到他人行为影响时所产生的自觉或不自觉的模仿行为，因此也被称为“模仿效应”。一些研究会借鉴它来解释社交媒体环境中网络舆论如何通过各式各样异质社群的传播而逐渐壮大。简言之，如果把网络舆情的扩散比作一次“影响力涟漪”，那么个体发布的信息就是“议题涟漪”的核心，基于一定社会关系网络或虚拟关系网络的社群是涟漪的“内环”，体量更大的群体则成为外环，水波式的散播最终使得舆情由星星之火发展至可以燎原之势。在这种“涟漪效应”的催生和放大作用下，公众在网上发表的意见和观点很容易使一些局部问题升成为全局性问题，使一般性问题演变成为政治性问题,使少数个人偏激言论扩散为非理性的社会情绪。
段落大意：
【1】人工智能误写新闻。
【2】新闻行业早已使用人工智能辅助工作。
【3】人工智能在新闻业发挥着更具创造性的作用。
【4】ChatGPT等人工智能愈发擅长写作和编辑工作。
【5】人工智能将给新闻业带来深刻变革。
【6】许多写手担心人工智能会替代他们。
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