▎药明康德内容团队编辑
ChatGPT等生成式人工智能(AI)的横空出世,让产业看到了人工智能的更多可能性。日前,OpenAI公司首席执行官,ChatGPT创造者之一Sam Altman先生在2024达沃斯世界经济论坛上就人工智能的未来发展方向分享了自己的看法。在今天这篇文章里,药明康德内容团队将介绍他在达沃斯世界经济论坛“技术在动荡世界中的作用”研讨会中的一些关键观点。
图片来源:123RF
随着人们更多使用AI,生产力将不断提升
即使在AI目前功能有限且存在深层缺陷的情况下,人们还是找到了利用这一工具获得生产力提升或其他收益的方式,并且理解了其局限性。比如,大多数人已经找到了让ChatGPT对他们非常有用的方法,并理解了不该用它来做什么。
“因为人们现在真正开始使用AI,AI此前神秘的面纱已经在一定程度上被揭开。这从来都是推动新技术带领世界前进的最佳方式。”Altman先生说。
AI终将向我们解释其推理过程
信任新技术的一部分涉及到理解其运作方式,但是Altman先生表示,真正理解生成式AI的运作方式将会与人们现在设想的有所不同。
“我无法看到你的大脑,理解你为何有这样的想法,但是我可以要求你解释你的推理过程,并决定这对我来说是否合理。“他说,“我认为AI系统也将能做到同样的事。它们能够向我们解释从A到B的步骤。即使我们无法查看每一个连接,我们还是可以判定这些步骤是否合理。”
AI不会取代人类之间的相互关怀
当IBM的国际象棋电脑“深蓝”在1997年击败世界冠军卡斯帕罗夫时,评论员们说这将是国际象棋的终结,因为电脑赢了,没有人会再去观看或玩国际象棋。但Altman先生说,“国际象棋现在的流行程度比以往任何时候都要高”,而且“几乎没有人会观看两个AI对弈,我们对人类的所作所为非常感兴趣。”
“当我读完一本我喜欢的书时,我首先想做的就是了解作者的一切,我想与那个创造出与我产生共鸣作品的人建立某种联系。”Altman先生说,“人类了解其他人类想要什么。人类将拥有更好的工具。我们以前也有过更好的工具,但我们仍然非常专注于彼此。”
图片来源:123RF
人类将更多地聚焦于创意
尽管普遍预期AI将导致特定工作岗位的增长或减少,Altman先生预测它将通过赋予人们空间来发掘创意和决策,改变某些职位的功能。
“我显然不是一个很棒的AI研究者,然而当我思考我的工作时,我的职能是去思考我们要做什么,对这一问题深思熟虑,然后与其他人协作,使之成为现实。”
Altman先生认为每个人的工作都会变得更像他这样。大家都将在更高一层的抽象层面上运作。人们都将拥有更多的能力,同时仍将做出决策。随着时间的推移,这些决策可能越来越倾向于策展(curation),但人类将决定世界上会发生什么。”
有理由对人工智能与人类价值观保持一致、乐观
Altman先生表示,该公司在推动AI进展的方向方面,选择是认为可以维持安全性的方向。迭代部署(iterative deployment)意味着社会可以逐渐适应这项技术,有时间进行讨论,弄清楚如何进行监管,以及设立一些防护措施。
他指出,从GPT-3到GPT-4,AI在与特定价值观保持一致方面已经取得了巨大进展。但更难的问题是,“谁来决定这些价值观是什么?在不同的国家它将如何运作?我被允许或不被允许用它做什么?这是一个重大的社会问题。”
“从技术角度上来说,有乐观的理由,”Altman先生说。他对AI技术所受到的审查持欢迎态度。他表示科技行业有责任听取社会对于诸如价值观、安全阈值等决策的意见,以便让AI技术的获益超过风险。
“我很理解世界对我们这样的公司普遍感到紧张和不安……我们自己也有紧张的时刻,但我们相信可以克服它们,而且唯一的解决方法是将技术交到人们手中。“Altman先生说,“让社会和科技协同进化,并且通过非常紧密的反馈循环进行逐步修正,从而构建出既能提供巨大价值又满足安全要求的系统。”
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