相较于文本的大语言模型,生成式音乐 AI 的发展慢得多,但是 Suno 的潜力不容忽视。
文 |动点科技
作者|黄尘
排版|李瑞子
本文预计阅读时长7分钟
过去一年里,AI音乐生成工具的发展突飞猛进。像Meta的MusicGen和Google的MusicFX,都能按需生成音乐片段、灵感,甚至是整首曲子。
去年,科技公司Suno推出了一款生成式音频AI基础模型,用户只需简单的文本输入,就可以生成两段约30秒带有歌词的音乐。这个玩法跟之前的Midjourney很相似,在Suno的Discord频道里输入“/ chirp”命令,再加上提示词,告诉它你想要的音乐风格和歌词即可。
这家公司由Meta和TikTok的前员工创办,使命就是打造一个“人人都能制作音乐”的企业。他们开发了一个AI平台,用户输入文字提示后,就能生成长达两分钟(V3 版本)的音乐片段。你可以指定音乐类型、风格、乐器和歌词内容,甚至还能输入自己的歌词。这个平台的V2版本已经能产出一些让人印象深刻的结果了,虽然生成的音乐听起来还有点平淡。不过,Suno的V3版本更加强大。
在接受《滚石》杂志采访时,Suno公司的联合创始人Mikey Shulman表示,公司致力于让音乐制作变得更加民主化,让每个人都能接触到音乐制作,不论他们的乐器技能或音乐天赋如何。
普通人也能“玩转”音乐
用Suno创作的曲目,这些作品包含了所有基本元素——人声、旋律、和弦等,而且歌词和标题都是ChatGPT创作的,就连配套的专辑封面都是AI生成的。
《滚石》杂志的高级作家布莱恩·希亚特(Brian Hiatt)最近访问了位于马萨诸塞州剑桥市的Suno办公室,并尝试创作了一首歌曲。他输入了“独奏的密西西比三角洲蓝调,关于一个悲伤的AI”这样的描述,程序在15秒内就生成了整首歌曲。希亚特说,其他的音乐AI程序,比如Google 的 MusicLM,擅长创作的是带有未来感的舞曲,听起来有较重的合成气息。
希亚特之所以选择密西西比三角洲蓝调,正是因为其富有人情味,他想给Suno出个难题。“这是我能想到的最自然的东西了。我想有些人认为我是在夸大其词。但我真的没有夸大其词。我真的很惊讶,很不安,被吓到了。我每次听这首歌都还会起鸡皮疙瘩,因为它太怪异了。它不应该存在。”他补充道,“我被它震撼到的另一个原因是,它太超前了。”
在过去的一年里,希亚特一直在报道音乐领域的AI技术,而一些专家曾告诉他,想要实现一个只需输入描述就能得到完整歌曲的界面,还需要很长时间。但有了Suno,他开始打破偏见。
尽管Suno V3 Alpha在音乐键、节拍和混音方面还存在一些问题,但公司鼓励用户测试新版本并提供反馈,以便不断改进产品。Suno AI强调,V3 Alpha在歌曲结构上可能会比V2版本更具创意,有时需要不同的提示才能达到最佳效果。
目前,在免费版里,你可以体验Suno 的所有功能。每天 50 积分能写 10 首歌,超过该限额,则可以选择每月 10 美元升级成 Pro Plan(额度500 首)。另外,Suno 在官网里明确指出,只有付费用户才能将生成的歌曲用于商业目的。
一些隐忧
尽管 Suno不允许用户生成特定艺术家风格的歌曲或使用真实艺术家的声音,从而避免潜在的版权问题。但希亚特认为,Suno可能因其算法训练实践而面临法律诉讼。ChatGPT背后的公司OpenAI,目前正面临多项诉讼,据报道,该公司使用版权数据来训练其技术。然而,版权所有者对AI公司采取法律行动的先例仍在发展中。
另一方面,Suno 的免费版本尚且不能用于商业用途,但目前仍可以制作歌曲与朋友分享。他们的最终目标是让大量音乐消费者成为音乐制作人,就像提供个性化流媒体服务,所有内容都是原创的。“他们认为这很有趣,人们会愿意每月支付10美元或任何价格来玩它。我得说,虽然我还在思考这种伦理道德问题,但玩起来确实很有趣。”
那么,这对人类音乐家意味着什么呢?希亚特提到,一位主要生产者和词曲作者的主要经理告诉他,Suno可能会颠覆广告和电视节目中的歌曲市场,这被称为同步许可(欧美国家设置了影音同步权,即音乐与影像内容同步使用的权利,在制作背景音乐时仅需获得此项权利许可即可。我国著作权法中无此项权利,所涉及的权利类型为复制权、摄制权。)。对于许多独立艺术家来说,同步交易中的收入是艰难行业中的生命线,这一收入流的结束可能会在经济上造成毁灭性的打击。
Suno 通过提供简单易用的界面和强大的音乐生成能力,使得非专业音乐人士也能轻松创作音乐。这种技术普及化的趋势有助于激发更多人的创造力,增加音乐作品的多样性和数量。尽管Suno 能够创作出技术上高质量的音乐,但艺术作品的价值往往在于其深度和情感表达。AI 是否能够完全理解时代信息和文化背景,并模拟人类艺术家的创造力和情感,仍然是一个有待探讨的问题。
随着音乐AI变得越来越先进,并不能保证它会取代人们喜欢他们最喜爱的艺术家的那些难以捉摸的东西。在回应一位技术专家预测未来10年内会有像泰勒·斯威夫特一样受欢迎的AI生成艺术家时,希亚特嗤之以鼻。“因为人们与艺术家有着如此深厚的联系,以至于音频产品只是艺术家所做工作的一部分。而且我认为,如果你无法将它与一个人联系起来,它就不会有同样的效果。”
即便如此,Suno 的努力还是应该被看见,正如一位研究音频算法的从业者所言:“普罗大众对音乐的要求还是太严苛了,只看结果不看过程。音乐生产的链路很长,作词作曲编曲混音演奏录音,每一块差一点,对于习惯商业音乐的耳朵来说都是天差地别。而现在距离MusicLM音乐生成出圈才过去了一年。如果我们抛开制作,只看内容的话,在某些时候,我甚至会疑惑这首歌是来自AI(Suno)还是人类。虽然这个概率(目前)不会很大,但只要有了,传统的创作就有被替代的可能了。”
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(min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root,body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body{--appmsgExtra-BG: #F7F7F7}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-theme=dark],body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-theme=dark]{--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-theme=dark],body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-theme=dark]{--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc)body:not(.pages_skin_pc){background:var(--weui-BG-2)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-mode=care]:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) 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#74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--appmsgExtra-BG: 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