什么是Sora？为什么它在朋友圈刷屏了？

原标题：什么是Sora？为什么它在朋友圈刷屏了？

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近日，Open AI在自家官网放出了几段由Sora（text-to-video工具），生成的60s视频，栩栩如生，以假乱真。一时间震撼全球，刷爆朋友圈，网友纷纷评论：现实，不存在了。

大家可以点击体验下：

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视频详情

生成文字的Prompt(咒语）如下：

A stylish woman walks down a Tokyo street filled with warm glowing neon and animated city signage. She wears a black leather jacket, a long red dress, and black boots, and carries a black purse. She wears sunglasses and red lipstick. She walks confidently and casually. The street is damp and reflective, creating a mirror effect of the colorful lights. Many pedestrians walk about.

翻译成中文（by Google Gemini）就是：

夜幕下的东京，霓虹闪烁，动画招牌流光溢彩。一位时尚女性，身着黑色皮夹克、红色长裙，黑色靴子包裹着修长的双腿，手提黑色手袋。墨镜下的双眸自信闪耀，红唇微启，步伐轻盈而从容。潮湿的街道仿佛镀上一层银色，映照着五彩斑斓的光影，行人穿梭其中，交织成都市的夜色。

怎么样，大家能看出这是AI生成的吗？

SORA横空出世

OpenAI，也就是推出ChatGPT的那家公司，又放出了一个重磅级的人工智能生成工具——Sora。

它能将文字描述瞬间转化成原创视频，功能强大到让一位专家直言“恐惧”。

"Generative AI tools are evolving so rapidly, and we have social network — which leads to an Achilles heel in our democracy and it couldn't have happened at a worse time," Oren Etzioni, founder of TruMedia.org, told CBS MoneyWatch. The nonprofit organization dedicated to fighting AI-based disinformation in political campaigns focuses on identifying manipulated media, including so-called deepfake videos.

“生成式人工智能工具发展太快了，而社交网络却成了我们的阿喀琉斯之踵，这简直是民主的噩梦，偏偏发生在最糟糕的时机，”专注于打击政治竞选中AI虚假信息、辨别深度伪造视频的非盈利组织TruMedia.org创始人Oren Etzioni对CBS MoneyWatch表示。

人工智能专家 Etzioni 博士表示，在应对人工智能带来的挑战时，美国即将迎来 2024 年总统大选，这是一次美国历史上非常重要的选举。这使得相关问题的解决变得更加复杂和紧迫。

Sora maker OpenAI shared a teaser of its text-to-video model on X, explaining that it caninstantaneously create sophisticated, 60-second-long videos "featuring highly detailed scenes, complex camera motion and multiple characters with vibrant emotions."

OpenAI展示了Sora的预告片，称它能生成时长60秒的复杂视频，“场景细节丰富，镜头运动流畅，人物情感生动”。

The tool is not yet publicly available. For the time being, OpenAI has restricted its use to "red teamers" and some visual artists, designers and filmmakers to test the product and deliver feedback to the company before it's released more widely.

目前，该工具尚未公开，仅开放给“红队成员测试”和部分视觉艺术家、设计师、电影制作人试用，以收集反馈后再进一步发布。

Red teamer

"Red Teamer" 中文翻译为 “红队成员”，是指在网络安全领域，受雇于组织或机构，模拟攻击者进行渗透测试和安全评估的人员。

红队成员的工作职责包括:

模拟真实攻击者的行为，尝试入侵组织的网络和系统

发现并评估组织的安全漏洞

提出改进安全防护措施的建议

红队成员通常具备以下技能:

网络安全知识和技能

渗透测试技术

社会工程学技巧

攻击者思维

红队测试是网络安全领域的一种重要评估方法，可以帮助组织发现并修复安全漏洞，提升安全防御能力。

Safety experts will evaluatethe tool to understand how it could potentially create misinformation and hateful content, OpenAI said.

OpenAI表示，安全专家将评估该工具，以了解其在制造虚假信息和仇恨内容方面的潜在风险。

LANDING SOON

发布后的风险与威胁

Advances in technology have seemingly outpaced checks and balanceson these kinds of tools, according to Etzioni, who believes in using AI for good and with guardrails in place.

Etzioni 认为，此类工具的技术进步似乎远远超过了对其的监管和制衡。他主张以善意和必要的防护措施来使用人工智能。

"We're trying to build this airplane as we're flying it, and it's going to land in November if not before — and we don't have the Federal Aviation Administration, we don't have the history and we don't have the tools in place to do this," he said.

“我们正在打造一架前所未有的飞机，但它即将起飞降落，却没有联邦航空管理局的监管，没有历史经验可以参考，也没有应对潜在风险的工具。这太危险了！”

All that's stopping the tool from becoming widely availableis the company itself, Etzioni said, adding that he's confident Sora, or a similar technology from an OpenAI competitor, will be released to the publicin the coming months.

Etzioni 博士表示，唯一阻碍Sora广泛应用的只有Open AI公司本身。他坚信，Sora或类似的文字转视频类AI工具将在未来几个月内由 OpenAI 或其竞争对手向公众发布。

Of course, any ordinary citizen can be affected by a deepfake scam, in addition to celebrity targets.

当然，任何普通人都可能成为深度伪造骗局的受害者，不仅限于名人（之前报道过的霉霉AI事件，点击可查看）。

"And [Sora] will make it even easier for malicious actors to generate high-quality video deepfakes, and give them greater flexibility to create videos that could be used for offensive purposes," Dr. Andrew Newell, chief scientific officer for identify verification firm, iProov, told CBS MoneyWatch.

“iProov身份验证公司首席科学官Andrew Newell博士对 CBS MoneyWatch 表示，Sora会让恶意行为者生成高质量视频深度伪造变得更加容易，并使他们能够更灵活地制作用于攻击性目的的视频。

This puts the onus onorganizations, like banks, to develop their own AI-based tools to protect consumers against potential threats. Banks that rely on video authentication security measures are most exposed, he added.

这将把责任推到像银行这样的机构身上，要求他们开发自己的AI工具来保护消费者免受潜在威胁。尤其依赖视频认证安全措施的银行将面临更大的风险。

THREAT TO ACTORS, CREATORSSORA

对创造者和演员的威胁

The tool's capabilities are most closely related to skills of workers incontent creation, including filmmaking, media and more.

Sora的功能与内容创作领域的技能密切相关，包括电影制作、大众传媒制作等等。

"Voice actors or people who make short videos for video games, education purposes or ads will be the most immediately affected," he said.

ABI Research科技情报公司高级分析师Reece Hayden表示：“配音演员，或为游戏、教育或广告制作短视频的人们将首当其冲受到影响。”

"For professions like marketing or creative, multimodal modelscould be a game changer and could create significant cost savings for film and television makers, and may contribute to the proliferationof AI-generated content rather than using actors," Reece Hayden, senior analyst at ABI Research, a tech intelligence company, told CBS MoneyWatch.

他认为，对于营销或创意等职业来说，多模态模型可能成为游戏规则的改变者—— 为电影和电视制作节省相当客观的成本，并可能导致AI生成的内容激增，甚至取代演员。

Given that it makes it easier for anyone — even those without artistic ability — to create visual content, Sora could let users develop choose-your-own-adventure-style media.

由于这项技术让任何人都能轻松地创作视觉内容，甚至没有艺术天赋的人也不例外。Sora 可以支持用户打造“选择你自己的冒险风格的”互动式内容。

Even a major player like "Netflix could enable end users to develop their own content based on prompts," Hayden said.

科技情报公司ABI Research 的高级分析师 Reece Hayden 表示：“像 Netflix 这样的大公司，甚至可以让终端用户根据提示词开发自己的内容。”

Sora的出现引发了业界广泛讨论，其利弊如何，是推动内容创作的利器，还是会像潘多拉魔盒一样释放出难以控制的负面影响，值得我们深思。

参考来源：https://www.cbsnews.com/news/openai-sora-text-to-video-tool/，OpenAI's new text-to-video tool, Sora, has one artificial intelligence expert "terrified"

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