又双叒叕裁员，火狐开发商Mozilla期待白衣骑士

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当微软在2018年选择放弃Internet Explorer浏览器、同时转投Chromium阵营后，曾经风起云涌的PC浏览器市场就迎来了大结局。当谷歌主导的Chromium生态几乎一统这个市场后，作为失败者的火狐浏览器也就由此陷入了漫长的衰退期。

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火狐浏览器江河日下，其母公司Mozilla的日子自然不太好过。日前有消息显示，Mozilla旗下非营利机构Mozilla基金会解雇了30%的员工，并且完全取消了宣传和全球项目部门。据悉，Mozilla基金会执行董事Nabhia Syed在10月30日向所有员工发送的邮件中表示，宣传和全球项目部门“不再是我们结构的一部分”。 

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其实这已经是Mozilla在今年第二次进行裁员，此前在2月， Mozilla就将VPN、Relay等探索性质的业务悉数关闭。这一次则轮到了负责监督Mozilla的公司治理结构、并制定公司政策的Mozilla基金会，而后者裁员接近1/3也几乎是必然，毕竟当下聚焦火狐浏览器和人工智能这两大主营业务，才是Mozilla的当务之急。 

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众所周知，打造了火狐浏览器的Mozilla诞生于Netscape（网景）的废墟之上，在上世纪末被微软IE打趴下的网景“残部”建立了Mozilla，并准备构建一款基于原生框架的跨平台浏览器，为此他们先构建了自己的Gecko内核。 

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在经历了一番波折之后，Mozilla在2004年发布火狐浏览器。作为第一款向大众普及“标签”（Tab）概念的网络浏览器，火狐也奠定了一系列现代浏览器的框架，例如阻止弹出窗口、非必要不允许跟踪的隐私保护策略等。最终在2010年，火狐浏览器的市场份额达到顶点，当时有34%的用户都在使用它来上网冲浪。 

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作为一款代表开放的浏览器，其实火狐在商业化方面的表现并不出色，营收更是严重依赖谷歌。一直以来，Mozilla都是谷歌的忠实盟友，而谷歌搜索作为火狐默认搜索引擎的历史更是已经有二十年，为此谷歌方面每年向Mozilla支付数亿美元的费用。 

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比如说在2020年，刚刚宣布因疫情影响计划裁员250人的Mozilla，就与谷歌达成了为期三年的协议，确保谷歌搜索作为火狐浏览器内默认搜索引擎至2023年，而这笔交易的价值则为13.5亿美元。根据Mozilla方面公布的数据，与谷歌的合作历来都是Mozilla全年营收的重头、占据75%至95%。 

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靠着谷歌的慷慨解囊，Mozilla几乎属于是“躺着把钱赚了”，所以才能有资金和精力来搞号称“为互联网健康发声”的非营利组织Mozilla基金会。事实上，Mozilla基金会过去的工作一向以“务虚”为主，比如Mozilla Global Sprint黑客马拉松，以及探索如何将社交媒体从集中化、企业控制转化为社区共有的Fediverse项目。 

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如果说火狐是为Mozilla赚钱的部门，那么Mozilla基金会则是为其赢得影响力的关键。然而遗憾的是，Mozilla的钱袋子在2024年夏季出现了大问题，高度依赖谷歌这一策略不灵了。尽管谷歌作为市值万亿的互联网巨头确实是“大而不能倒”，Mozilla选择他们作为盟友没什么问题，但奈何谷歌如今也被反垄断大棒打击了。 

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谷歌在与美国司法部的反垄断案中暂时落败，导致其过去执行的与浏览器开发商签订独家分销协议，以确保谷歌搜索引擎作为相关浏览器默认选项的做法被判定为非法。这也就意味着如果谷歌的上诉失败，那么来自谷歌的默认搜索引擎协议本身就不合法，由此Mozilla的财源自然也就没了。 

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根据Mozilla公布的年度报告显示，抛开每年5亿美元左右的特许权使用费、即火狐浏览器内置谷歌搜索的费用，其第二大营收来源广告则仅贡献了7500万美元。营收直接下降90%对于任何一家互联网厂商而言显然都是毁灭性打击，毫无疑问Mozilla也不例外。 

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好在谷歌与美国司法部的反垄断官司还没有尘埃落定，所以谷歌为了保住每年贡献2400亿美元营收的搜索业务不受影响，必然会使出浑身解数。然而初审告负，却代表谷歌这次翻盘的可能性并不大。所以Mozilla现在缩减旗下非营利机构Mozilla基金会更像是在未雨绸缪，也是为了收缩边缘业务、以获得更健康的财务状况。 

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虽然Mozilla希望打造一个更开放、更健康互联网的想法是美好的，但其目前的状况已经不足以支撑这个愿景，所以就只能向现实低头。当然，事情其实还有转机，毕竟谷歌的钱即便拿不到，并不代表其他厂商的钱也不能拿。目前在搜索引擎市场，除了谷歌之外，还有微软的Bing存在。 

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谷歌方面过去愿意为火狐、Safari等浏览器的默认搜索引擎付费，原因其实很简单，因为浏览器如今依然是网民上网的主要选项，而且大多数用户也只会使用浏览器的默认搜索引擎来搜索他们想要知道的东西。由于浏览器默认搜索引擎是唯一的，所以在谷歌搜索失去火狐与Bing得到火狐这一来一回间，所反应出的市场份额会非常巨大。 

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如今，火狐在浏览器市场属于是瘦死的骆驼比马大，毕竟上亿月活用户就是它最大的价值。如果火狐与谷歌的合作作古，想必微软会很有兴趣接手。微软为了Bing的市场份额进一步提升，在过去一年间可谓是动作频频，又是在Windows内弹广告、又是找来ChatGPT，最近还拿出了百万美元奖金。 

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所以现在面对身处危机的Mozilla，想必微软方面是会很愿意伸出援手的。 

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【本文图片来自网络】 

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本文来自微信公众号“三易生活”，36氪经授权发布。

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